《植物生理学报》 2018, 54(4): 645-650

斑叶堇菜花粉形态、贮藏条件及其保护酶活性的变化

郭英姿¹, 汪家哲¹, 贾文庆^1,*, 刘会超¹, 何松林¹, 李纪元², 王艳丽¹, 杜晓华¹, 穆金艳¹, 朱小佩¹

¹河南科技学院园艺园林学院, 河南新乡453003; ²中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所, 杭州311400

通信作者：贾文庆；E-mail: jiawq2012@126.com

摘　要：

以斑叶堇菜花粉为材料, 使用扫描电子显微镜观察花粉表观形态, 采用离体培养法研究花粉的萌发特性, 并探讨了不同贮藏温度和时间对花粉萌发率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明: 初步判断斑叶堇菜在堇菜属中具有较为特殊的分类地位; 花粉萌发的最适宜培养基为: 280 g·L^-1蔗糖+250 mg·L^-1硼酸+50 mg·L^-1 GA₃+200 mg·L^-1 Ca(NO₃)₂。花粉最佳贮藏条件为−80°C; −80°C贮藏360 d后, 花粉萌发率仍达到40.50%, 3种保护酶活性较高, 花粉抗氧化、衰老能力较强。贮藏过程中, 在3种酶出现高峰值前后, 室温和4°C的花粉萌发率出现大幅度下降。不同贮藏温度下, 3种保护酶的作用不同, 室温下, CAT为敏感性保护酶; 4°C下, POD为敏感性保护酶, SOD为非敏感性保护酶; −20和−80°C下, POD为零下低温敏感性保护酶。花粉萌发率与SOD呈极显著正相关。

关键词：斑叶堇菜; 花粉; 萌发; 贮藏; SOD; POD; CAT

收稿：2017-10-31   修定：2018-03-15

资助：河南省基础与前沿项目(162300410157)、河南省高等学校重点科研项目(17A21005)、国际合作领域--科技攻关(172102410053)、国家十二五科技支撑项目(2012BAD01B07)、河南省产学研(152107000028)和大学生“百农英才”创新项目(BNYC2016-2-19)。

Changes of pollen morphology, storage conditions and protective enzyme activities of Viola variegata

GUO Ying-Zi¹, WANG Jia-Zhe¹, JIA Wen-Qing^1,*, LIU Hui-Chao¹, HE Song-Lin¹, LI Ji-Yuan², Wang Yan-Li¹, DU Xiao-Hua¹, MU Jin-Yan¹, Zhu Xiao-Pei¹

¹College of Horticulture Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; ²Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China

Corresponding author: JIA Wen-Qing; E-mail: jiawq2012@126.com

Abstract:

The pollen morphology of Viola variegata was investigated under scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The fresh pollen was took as materials to study the pollen viability by in vitro, and the effects of different storage temperatures and time on the pollen viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities were investigated. The results showed that V. variegata had a special classification status in the genus Viola, and the most suitable medium for pollen germination was 280 g·L^-1 sucrose+250 mg·L^-1 boric acid+50 mg·L^-1 GA₃+200 mg·L^-1 Ca(NO₃)₂. The best storage temperature for pollen was –80°C. After 360 d storage of –80°C, the germination rate still reached 40.50%, while the three kinds of enzymes activities were high, the antioxidant capacity and aging ability of the pollen kept stronge. During the storage, the germination rate of pollen decreased significantly at room temperature and 4°C when the activities of SOD, POD and CAT reached a high peak. At different storage temperatures, the effects of the three protective enzymes were different. CAT was a sensitive protection enzymes at room temperature; POD was a sensitive protective enzyme and SOD was a non-sensitive protective enzyme at 4°C; and POD was a subzero hypothermia sensitive protective enzyme at –20 and –80°C. The pollen germination rate was extremely significant positively correlated with SOD.

Key words: Viola variegata; pollen; germination; storage; SOD; POD; CAT